TV
Friday 4th November 2022
Industries & Audiences
LO: To research the history, companies and regulators in the TV industry.
Publicly owned TV channel: A TV channel funded by tv licences which are paid by the public and also funded by the government. The aim of these channels are to inform and entertain without the intention of simply making a profit.
Commercial TV channel: A TV channel that informs and entertains with the main intention of making a profit. Funded by mainly advertising and product placement. ITV.
Convergence: The merging of previously distinct media onto internet platforms.
Watershed: The time when TV shows that are unsuitable for children can broadcast. In UK it is 9pm until 5:30am.
Segmented market: A group of people with similar interests, needs and wants within the market that would be interested in the same product or content unlike other segments within the market who may not be as interested in that specific content or product.
Mainstream: When something is normalised and accepted by most people.
Self-regulating: When a company will regulate their own content as opposed to an external company.
Franchise: A franchise is a company that can broadcast different versions of the same content yet in different countries.
Channel-surfing: When someone will quickly scan through channels in order to find a channel that is engaging or interesting.
PSB: Public Service Broadcasting is broadcasting intended to benefit the public as opposed to making a profit. BBC, Channel 4, Channel 5.
TV License: A regular fee that the members of the public who own and watch a TV or use 'free' broadcasting services have to pay to the PSB to go towards creating content that will benefit them (the public)
Scheduling: What shows at what time.
Conglomerate: A company that owns numerous smaller mass media companies.
1. 1936 had to stop during WW2 and started again afterwards in 1945.
2. Three: BBC, ITV and BBC2
3. 1955
4. Channel 3, channel 4, channel 5, S4C and the BBC. BBC has a stricter set of regulations.
5. Ofcom
6. ITA and self regulated
7. There were less channels in the 60s, there was only one commercial TV channels in the 60s whereas there are many now, there was less variety and it was lower quality,Most TV channels were in black and white whereas now all are in colour. It is much more common for people to have a TV or often multiple TVs nowadays. There was much more channel loyalty due to having to tune the channels. Nowadays people tend to watch a variety of different channels.
TV was not broadcasted all day unlike now where there is always something being broadcasted on many channels.
Friday 11th November 2022
Ownership and Regulation
LO: To explore the ownership and regulation of BBC1 and ITV
Ofcom regulates TV and Radio broadcasting in the UK, setting standards for programmes that broadcasters have to follow. Ofcom can fine broadcasters if their programmes breach(do not follow) their broadcasting code. They carry out regular reviews on the terrestrial channels (BBC, ITV, C4 and C5) to ensure that they are fulfilling the PSB requirements.
The BBC has been a PSB channel since it was set up in 1922. Lord Reith outlined the PSB principles in1925, stating that broadcasting should inform, educate and entertain and that it should be free from commercial and government pressures. The definition of PSB has developed since then but the BBC's ETHOS is still based on these ideas today. However, it is still liscenced the monarchy and the government so still favours them (it is supposed to be neutral and unbiased (but arguably is not).
Public Purposes: To provide impartial news and information to help people understand and engage with the world around them, To support learning for people of all ages, To show the most creative, highest quality and distinctive output and services, To reflect, represent and serve the diverse communities of all the UK's nation and regions and in doing so, support the creative economy across the UK, To reflect the UK, its culture and values to the world.
Values: The values are the audiences, creativity, trust, respect, accountable, one BBC(collaborating).
Mission of BBC: To act in public interest, serving all audiences through the provision of impartial, high quality and distinctive output and services which inform, educate and entertain.
Licence fee: £159 a year if you watch or record live TV programmes on any channel or download or watch any BBC programmes on iPlayer. It pays for BBC radio, online content and TV. Government set this which makes it slightly biased as if it offended or went against the government the government could lower the amount meaning the BBC get less money.
History of the BBC: Was formed on 18 October 1922 by a group of wireless manufactures. Daily broadcasting began on November 14th 1922.
Programme and Channel:
1. Blue Planet BBC1
2. Panorama BBC1
3. Pointless BBC1
4. BBC News BBC1
5. Great British Bake Off BBC1
6. This country BBC3
7. Louis Theroux BBC2
8. Eastenders BBC1
Commercial Channels
They are funded purely by advertising however still have to follow some PSB requirements
ITV1, Channel 4 and Channel 5. Put out alternative, controversial programmes. C4 is commercially funded but publicly owned this means that any profits made from advertising goes straight into creating new programmes not creating new programmes not to shareholders.
They generally have no guaranteed income therefore it is essential it is profitable. They can generate income through subscription, pay per view, sponsorship, advertising and product placement.
ITV
Their vision is to be more than TV building upon ITVs unique and winning combination of creativity and commercial strength.
ITV is a conglomerate (made up of smaller companies. Far more general remit than the BBC.
Friday 25th November 2022
ITV
Number and names of channels
itv1, itv2, itv3, itv4, itvbe, citv
Strategy
Other platforms available
ITV Hub, Britbox UK, ITV Hub+
How does it generate income other than through advertising
By licensing their HD channels and streaming services
Most popular ITV programmes
Advantages of being commercially owned
Easy and quick to make money
TV Audiences
LO: To explore how audiences consume TV dramas and the appeals.
Live TV, streaming services, catch-up TV, record, mobile phones, laptops, TVs, tablets, computers.
Reasons for watching live TV:
One reason for watching live Tv is second screening:screenings that encourage audiences to join discussions on various social media during a live TV show.
Another reason is audience interactivity which is when viewers are encouraged to vote to determine the outcome. This continued engagement increases their commitment to the programme and loyalty to the channel.
Audience Theory
This is the focus on debates as to whether an audience is active or passive.
A passive audience accepts and believes everything a media text tells them. They are easily influenced and don't question any messages conveyed.
An active audience interacts with a media text and makes its own decisions about whether to accept and believe everything. They question messages and may interpret meanings differently.
Audiences are more active now than in the 1960s because now there are different platforms available, second screening, a greater range of messages, more channel competition and interactivity is possible.
Scheduling
Scheduling is massively important to both BBC and ITV. Competitive scheduling can benefit the main channels as it creates publicity. For example BBC's Strictly Come Dancing results show was scheduled at the same time as the X Factor on ITV1
Peak viewing time is 6pm-10:30pm.
Audience ratings are measured by the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board (BARB).
Watershed
Overseen by OFCOM, the watershed is between 9pm and 5:30am.
During these hours, broadcasters can show content that is not suitable for children up to the age of 15. 18 rated content cannot be shown until after 10pm.
Unsuitable materials include sexual content, violence, graphic or disturbing imagery or language.
1960s
By the 1960s the first teenage generation free from conscription emerged in Britain; young people were finally given a voice and freedom to do what they wanted.
Recreational drugs became popular during the sixties.
British musicians such as John Lennon brought the Vietnam War to the attentions of British people through protests against the conflict.
Second wave of feminism. More jobs became available to women in the 1960s. Contraceptive pill became legalised in 1967 giving women more independence.
Colour television and pocket radios encouraged people to watch more TV and listen to music more often.
Friday 2nd December 2022
The 1960s
LO: To research the social, historical and political context of The Avengers.
The cold war
Not a physical war. The state of hostility between the Soviet bloc and the Western powers after WW2.
In 1965, the Cold war was at its height. Britain was a part of NATO - a group of 12 western countries who agreed to support each other in the face of a Soviet attack. In retaliation, the Soviet Union formed a pact with seven other communist countries. Europe was divided into two armed sides.
Threat of Nuclear war
Anxieties about nuclear war were common as both the Soviet Union and the US were building up their armies and weapons. In 1962, The Cuban Missile Crisis took place over a terrifying week when the two countries took the world to the brink of a nuclear war.
Espionage
Both sides in the Cold War used espionage as a way of finding out what the other side was doing as a way to plant false information. A number of double agents were found guilty of spying in the early 60s and either defected or were imprisoned. This meant that espionage was a common theme in tv.
Town of No Return (an episode)
Emma Peel and John Steed go to a small town after meeting a man on the train on the way there. When they arrive in the town there are not many people and the people who are there are very mysterious and slightly strange. There are no children in the school or people in the town just a Vicar, Landlord, 2 teachers and another man. They turn out to have fake identities of people who used to live in the village yet were killed and have taken over the town and plan on taking over more towns. Emma Peel and John Steed then fight all of them and some soldiers which are introduced towards the end of the episode and defeat them. They then leave the town
Friday 9th December 2022
The Avengers: The Town Of No Return
LO: To explore the narrative, characters and appeal of series 4 episode 1.
The narrative: John Steed and Emma Peel are sent to the small village of Little Blazeley to find out what happened to previous agents that had been sent there who had disappeared. They meet a man going to see his brother whilst on the train to the village. When they arrive the village is quite empty and there were only 5 people there who were all strange and suspicious. The school had no students, the church had only a vicar and no guests and the pub had hardly any guests with a strange landlord. The man they met on the train is killed. It is discovered that the people in the village have fake identities of the people who used to live there as they have invaded the village. John Steed and Emma Peel discover the plan that the imposters have to invade other villages. They then fight all of them and some soldiers than they discover in an underground bunker containing explosives and win the fights. They then leave the town on a moped.
The characters: Piggy Warren (pretending to be) , John Steed, Emma Peel, Vicar Ainsbury (pretending to be), Saul (pretending to be), Jill Manson (pretending to be), Mark Brandon (pretending to be)
Historical and Cultural context: Links to the cold war, subverts traditional stereotypes of women which links to the social change that happened during the 1960s
Audience Appeal: Escapism/entertainment
Personal identity: The audience would have related to this episode to some extent due to the cold war and the concept of foreign imposters invading and taking over other countries. Their clothing was also fashionable at the time making it familiar and relatable to the audience at the time. Relatable to women at the time who were beginning to develop more independence and freedom like Emma Peel. Links to increase in espionage due to cold war. Equal gender status so relatable for both genders. John Steed only wins the fencing match against Emma because he cheats implying that she was too good for him to win. Emma is presented as independent as she is the one who figures out what is going on in the village. Women may have aspired to have the same strong, independent way about them as Emma did
Information: Informs the audience about potential foreign imposters with fake identities who could be spys due to the cold war and the theme of espionage that was becoming more and more common at the time. The audience also get a lot of information and a good idea of what upper class life is like as the 2 main characters are upper class. The audience were unlikely to have been upper class at the time.
Entertainment: This episode provides a sense of escapism as they are travelling, it is quite over exaggerated, there are multiple twists and turns within the episode making it interesting and entertaining as well as action fight scenes. The village is also mysterious and it is made to seem suspicious and slightly eery causing the audience to engage. Spy was also a very popular genre at the time due to the cold war and increase in espionage across the world to spy on foreign countries. It is easy for the audience to become invested in the world of The Avengers and feel as if they are almost there. The audience could enjoy the dangers of the action from the comfort of their own homes. New mystery/villain in every episode making it fresh and intriguing every time.
Social Interaction: Since there were not many channels on the TV most people would have been talking about the episode due to the lack of variety and the other factors such as entertainment that contribute to the popularity of the show. The episode being relatable and entertaining gives the audience something to say about it. People would have been likely to watch it together due to there only being 1 TV per house commonly at the time. Some people may develop a deep interest or obsession with the characters almost like a personal relationship causing them to talk about the characters and episodes fairly often. There is also a sense of Britishness within the series.
Context
Cold war, threat of nuclear war, threat of foreign invasion and espionage.
Piggy Warren was a stereotypical British ex-soldier due to his fairly sophisticated style, stereotypical upper class laugh, 'posh voice' and moustache.
The fisherman was a stereotypical British fisherman due to the hat he wore and the clothing he wore.
As a light-hearted spy thriller, the show would need to reassure the audience that, while the threat existed, the enemy was not efficient enough to succeed.
Other examples include when towards the end both John and Emma easily defeat the enemies and win the fights showing that the enemies were not able to win. They both do not get hurt and always overcome the challenges and get to the bottom of what is happening implying that they are smart enough to outcome the enemies.
They also both stay fairly calm throughout the entire episode even when they find out the sinister intentions of the people in the village.
WW2 references: Many references to WW2 which links to England winning which reminds the audience that if we could win a previous war we would be likely to win or at least survive another one. E.g The scene where Steed walks around the deserted airfield and doffs his hat to his reflection is a salute to all those involved in WW2 and reminds the audience that Britain triumphed.
Humour: The humour used throughout also helps to relax the tone of the episode in order to reassure the audience and lighten the mood. It decreases the level of seriousness connoting that they could easily succeed and have nothing to worry about.
Melodrama: The over exaggeration within the episode helps to highlight the almost surreal aspects of this series and implies that it is less likely to happen than portrayed. All melodramatic aspects were won or defeated by John and Emma E.g. Fight scenes.
Casting and Performance: Emma Peel uncovers plot- women are intelligent and enemy is not intelligent enough to defeat John or Emma.
Commitment to Duty: Both Emma and John are determined to get to the bottom of it and defeat enemies which reassures the audience that Britain will be determined to defeat imposters.
Representation of Enemy: Not presented as strong or capable of defeating Emma and John.
Friday 6th January 2023
Context- The Avengers: The Town of No Return
LO: To analyse representation and influence of social and cultural context in Series 4, Episode 1
1960s values and attitudes
Female roles and inequality, class structure, changing views on sexuality, British manners/traditions, attitudes to outsiders/foreigners, patriarchal society, stereotypical ideas of rural life.
Despite Emma Peel being presented as strong and intelligent, she is also slightly objectified. Her name, Emma Peel, is supposed to connote that she is in the series in order to appeal to men which contributes of the misogynistic belief in society that women are just objects to satisfy and be the property of men. Her being put into the series as a source of 'man appeal' connotes that this is her importance and that satisfying men is her main purpose. There is a scene where Emma Peel is tied up by a man and then has to be 'rescued' by John Steed which not only has sexual associations but also presents her as a stereotypical 'damsel in distress' who needs to be saved by a man; the series was not as morally advanced as it could have been.
These conflicting representations of women highlight the ideological tension about gender roles in 1965. Some people were more open minded and wanted stereotypes of women to change into more modern and inclusive ideologies whereas some were set in their ways and were not willing to change the beliefs about how women should act and gender roles as a whole. Due to this the series would have had to meet in the middle by incorporating scenes which subverted traditional gender stereotypes as well as scenes which supported gender stereotypes in order to reduce the risk of losing half of their audience due to this split and tension within society about different gender role ideologies.
Example of EP as an anti-stereotype:
Overpowers Steed in fencing match
Figures out what is happening in the village
Wins a fight
Rides the moped with John Steed on the back of it
Her husband is not there or possibly even not alive yet she is still very capable
Defeats soldiers (with the help of John Steed)
Presented and confident and independent
Example of EP as a reactionary stereotype:
Is tied up by a man and then rescued by John Steed
Her name- similar to man appeal
John Steed fights the man instead of her fighting the man suggesting that maybe she wouldn't be capable to win a fight against a man
Presented stereotypically feminine clothing, hair and makeup wise
All of the couples in this episode are straight and there are no hints or suggestions that any of the characters are gay or bisexual. This contributes to the heteronormative society that was still normal in the 1960s.
They would have chosen to call her Mrs Peel instead of Miss or Ms as this indicates that she is married in order to show that she isn't entirely independent and to clear any suspicion that her and John Steed are romantically or sexually involved as the characters were not married to each other which would have been controversial to some of the audience as a lot of people were still against sex before marriage. It contributes to the idea in society at the time that you are only respectable as a woman if you are married to a man. Male validation was the only thing that gave women importance and purpose.
John Steed and Emma Peel are presented as upper class. They have a fencing game at the start which is considered to be a fairly sophisticated sport often played by upper class people. Emma Peel's home also looks clean, organised and fairly modern for the 1960s connoting that she must be fairly wealthy. Both Emma and John's clothes were popular at the time and almost like idealistic fashion which would have been expensive to wear which further shows their wealth.
They represent the traditional past using John Steed who is fairly older than Emma Peel, He dresses fairly traditionally and is still presented as intelligent and strong which brings forth the traditions of the past. They use traditional stereotypes such as heteronormative representations, gender stereotypes such as women being traditionally feminine and men being traditionally masculine. Youth culture is represented by Emma Peel who is younger than John Steed. She wears fashionable, modern clothes and subverts traditional stereotypes which supports the interests of the youth and the ideologies that youth at the time were beginning to develop.
Steed: Older Generation Peel: Younger Generation
Bowler Hat: Symbol of British 'city gent'. Reinforced and Fashionable black and white beret: Symbol of
and used to overcome enemy. cutting edge fashion, modern
Black umbrella: Black leather cat suit: Fashionable, modern, sophisticated yet feminine
Expensive 3-piece suit: Suggests that he is wealthy and Mini Skirt: very popular and fashionable in the upper class. 1960s
Fought in WW2: Suggests that he is brave, hardworking and Respectful and dutiful: Supports modern ideas of respectable. women being worthy of respect.
Polite and respectful: Presents them as good people despite Well spoken and polite: Connotes she is upper possibly having different beliefs to younger generation. class.
Suggests he is upper class.
Friday 13th January 2023
The Avengers: Extract Analysis
LO: To explore elements of media language and practice how to analyse an extract
Camerawork:
Shallow focus: only one part in the camera frame is in focus.
Extract: Avengers final fight scene
Handheld effect/jerky camera movement to make audience feel as if they were there, shows intensity and speed of the scene
Camera tracks protagonist especially Emma Peel which positions them as who the audience are supposed to support.
During fights there are mid shots involving 2 people which shows physical closeness and focusses on the fight.
Switches to Emma Peel's point of view shot to show what else is happening.
Lots of canted angle mid shots to show the chaos and intensity of fight.
Often positions Emma Peel and John Steed above the enemies to show superiority.
Mise-en-scene:
Extract: First pub scene
Set in a pub which can be told through the layout and components such as a bar, darts and wooden beams.
Lots of military themed objects suggesting that the village had been involved with war and military.
Emma Peel, John Steed and the man they were with dressed more formally than the darts players which shows contrast between people who lived in the city and people who lived in the country. also shows contrast between classes at the time.
There was a landlord who was jolly, welcoming and over the top
Editing:
Extract: Scene with Steed confronting Landlord and then with Steed being cornered by fisherman
Slow paced whilst Steed was being cornered with the fire to build suspense.
Friday 20th January 2023
Sound:
Sound bridge - Connects scenes together/shows time passing/shows a journey.
Parallel sound - When the sound matches what you are seeing.
Contrapuntal sound - When the sound is different to what you are seeing.
Extract: Emma Peel confronting Vicar
Church music - deep, long with a minor key, loud, emphasises the danger and threat she was in, establishes setting, adds realism, shows contrast between holy sound and what is taking place. Choir music represents the Vicar being a Vicar.
Fake singing - emphasises the eeriness of the church and the emptiness, shows deceitfulness
Music stops when Vicar calls her an imposter to emphasise the change in tone and atmoshpere within the scene, shows the change in Vicars portrayal- he is no longer presented as a good person. We realise he is not actually a Vicar emphasises this as music links to his character. Silence makes what he is saying stand out and shows importance.
How was camerawork used to create meaning?
Make sure you choose at least 2 elements and explain them fully.
(5 marks)
Close up of inspector (who knows as much as she does) falling to ground, positions her above him, camera turns to whose speaking, camera moves down as teacher dies, focusses on door to show who is coming in. Knows as much as she does so puts her in same threat.
Mid shot of vicar singing to choir music, mid shot of Emma and vicar to show closeness, close up of gun, camera follows Emma after she knocks the Vicar down
Focusses on who is coming in the door, close up of Emma's Facial expression.
The use of single shots is also used to show the divide between the two characters in contrast to the mid shot containing them both previous to the confrontation.
(notes)
In this extract, camerawork methods such as shot types were used to create meaning. An example of this would a mid shot is used of Emma Peel and the Vicar sat next to each other in the church which emphasises that they were sat close together talking and highlights the innocence of the church and therefore the scenario connoting that at this moment of time they were civil and possibly even friends with each other and the incorporation of the obvious church background helps to link to the context of this scene. However once they stand up and the Vicar reveals his deceitfulness, there is a close up shot of the gun he is holding towards the side of the camera frame that Emma Peel was stood at connoting that he is going to shoot her highlighting this violent twist that the this scene endures and the danger and threat she has been exposed to. This helps to reveal the actual identity of this Vicar and exposes his true character due to the contrast of what the camera is displaying and focussing on. A vicar in a church sat next to an acquaintance has much more positive, innocent connotations in contrast to a Vicar pointing a gun at someone in a church. This obvious contrast in character and tone reveals his deceitfulness and exaggerates his true character.
Camera techniques such as tracking are also used to focus on Emma Peel to exaggerate her relevance and importance in this scene and to highlight that she is the main character in this scene. For example, when the Vicar points the gun at her and she hits him over the head and walks away, a tracking shot is used to focus on Emma to show her authority, superiority and ability to defeat which highlights the fact that she is unharmed and close to escaping from the Vicar; she has temporarily defeated and escaped him. This connotes that she subverts the stereotypes of women and has the ability to defeat men despite being a woman. It could also link to a motive behind this episode which was to reassure British people that we would be able to defeat imposters with ease which she manages to do in this scene despite being in danger connoting that the UK as a whole would be able to do the same.
Friday 27th January 2023
Television in the 2010s
LO: Research the 2010s (UK) in terms of social, cultural and political climate of the decade, research TV usage in 2015.
2015 Research
Cuffs was released in October 2015.
1. The conservatives was in power and the PM was David Cameron. UKIP being popular shows the right-wing attitude that a lot of people had at that time. Anti-immigration, pro-Brexit, patriotic. Divided country over Brexit.
2. Fear of threat and terrorism.
3. War in Iraq (2013-2015), Afghanistan War, Syrian Civil War(2011-present)
4. Anti-austerity protestors(about economy being low)
Austerity is defined by the Cambridge Dictionary as: “The condition of living without unnecessary things and without comfort, with limited money or goods, or a practice, habit, or experience that is typical of this.
Key Events:
Threat of terrorism:
Afghanistan War, Syrian War, Isis, Terror attacks in UK, Korean Nuclear capability
Blackberry riots(sparked by the growth of disapproval towards police brutality towards especially black people and people of ethnic groups), Brexit, Trump election, UKIP influence, asylum seekers/refugees, hacking, financial crash of 2008, Blair;May;Corbyn.
Cultural Context:
Youth Culture consisted of social media, smart phones, drug culture, knife crime, rap music, video game violence/obsession and streaming.
Human rights such as third wave feminism, BLM, refugees and tolerance.
2015 vs 1965
In 2015 people were much more diverse than in 1960s however there was still discrimination in both.
Technology had majorly developed since the 1960s meaning that technology was much more advanced in 2015 with more modern themes such as phones and the internet.
In 2015 people were at threat of terrorism whereas in the 1960s they were at threat of invasion.
In 2015 drug culture had become more violent and dangerous linking to knife crime whereas in the 1960s the use of drugs was recreational and had less violent and threatening connotations.
In 2015 a lot more anti-racist movements such as BLM were present than in the 1960s when the main movements were based around feminism.
The TV Industry
There was not much channel loyal in 2015 and to this day due to increased variety of free streaming platforms, channels and subscription streaming platforms.
The trailer shows a range of ethnicities, people fighting, two men kissing and a few dramatic scenes.
Friday 17th March 2023
Cuffs: Series 1, Episode 1
LO: To analyse the narratives and characters constructed in an opening episode.
Uses and gratifications of Cuffs
Personal identity - Audience ay have experienced or be familiar with similar serious issues that are discussed in the programme themselves or may have even aspired to be a police officer and want to know what it would be like. Police officers given their own personal storylines making them more relatable and likeable to the audience. May provoke empathy within the audience. Diverse ensemble cast which will appeal to a broad, diverse audience. Reinforcement of values that are presented in the series within the audience. May appeal to people who live in Brighton.
Information - What it is like to work as a police officer and the struggles and realities that the police endure on a daily basis. Social realism genre. Informs audience about serious issues that are continuously occurring in British society.
Entertainment - Dramatic scenes that are quite suspenseful and eventful, we get an insight into the personal lives of the characters. Aspects of comedy within the drama providing humour. Lighthearted within heavy subjects. Offers escapism into the realistic yet fictional world.
Social Interaction - Serious issues are discussed which may provoke debates or may encourage people to challenge things that happen within society. The concept of police brutality may begin to be challenged or debated by people in the audience as it may provoke empathy towards police. Could build personal relationship with a favourite character. Family watching it together can discuss plot lines.
Cuffs & Social Contexts
LO: To analyse representation and influence of social context in Cuffs.
Stronger roles for women reflect gender equality.
This can be seen in the episode due to the fact that there are multiple female police officers/detectives that were just as capable as the male characters. For example PC Donna Prager and DS Jo Moffat. Jo Moffat is presented as strong and powerful due to he dedicated and hard-working attitude that she displays through her eagerness and ability to solve the racism crime. She is the one that wants to go into the house of the offender which would have been a risk. She has a higher role that some of the men. Donna Prager is presented as faster and stronger than Lino.
A change in attitude towards masculinity. Different male roles presented in a positive light.
Different ability roles for men for example some men are police officers with that same roles as women such as the police officers. Jake Vickers is gay yet is still given a traditionally 'masculine' job. Three of the male police officers are presented as very different from each other and are all very different suggesting that masculinity is not of one definition. Was seen as acceptable for men to struggle with mental health issues. Not all of the men are presented as stronger than women or tough and aggressive which subverts stereotypes of masculinity.
Traditional 'masculine' and 'feminine' qualities no longer reserved for particular genders.
Ryan is a single father and takes on stereotypically motherly roles towards his children. Jake is very quiet and comes across as very calm and not at all aggressive which are often seen as feminine characteristics.
PC Jake Vickers
He is represented in the show as subverting traditionally stereotypical male characteristics yet in a positive, contemporary light. Examples of this include that he is gay which is often associated with femininity yet in this episode it is made to seem normal and accepted by the other characters and none of the characters appear to question his masculinity or ability just because of his sexuality. His character and career is not defined by his sexuality and it is casual instead of a huge deal He also embodies a very shy and calm personality which opposes the traditional stereotypes of masculine men being aggressive and intimidating. Once again none of the characters make his calmness as such an issue suggesting that these traits do not threaten his ability or masculinity.
Calm Unauthorative Down to earth Reserved
Nervous Calm Physical Timid
Anti- Anti Stereotypical Anti
stereotypical
Friday 31st March 2023
The Hero: Ryan Draper
The Villain: The criminals
The Donor: Jo Moffat
The Helper: Jake Vickers
The Princess: The victims of crime
The Princess' father: Station Officer
The Dispatcher: Jo Moffat
The False Hero: Chief Inspector
In TV drama series there tends to be an ensemble cast with many different characters with different storylines and roles in each episode. This makes it difficult to apply Propp's narrative theory onto it because we find out new things about the characters in each episode and different events occur in each episode meaning that their roles will constantly changed. I n films there tends to be set characters with one main storyline all of the way through meaning that the characters are likely to maintain their roles throughout making it easier to apply.
Multiculturalism
Diverse cast and ethnicity minority groups as authoritative figures shows how multiculturalism is accepted. Racism is still shown as being present within society however. Racist characters presented very negatively. the inside of his house is very messy and unpleasant as well as the outside. Shown as very patriotic due to the English flag outside their house and they had shaved heads and stereotypically aggressive dogs which fits into stereotype of far right beliefs. Very powerful anti-racist message within the show due to a group of police fighting/ working against them shows that racism is looked down upon in modern society.
Age
All ages represented, they also all have complicated lives.
The police
They present police in a positive way by highlighting the values and determination of the police while also highlighting their personal and professional struggles. For example, when the owner of the shop is hesitant to give information as he feels that police have been unhelpful towards him which disadvantages the police who want to serve justice. The Chief Inspector treats the police quite unfairly and puts his untrained son at a disadvantage.
Friday 28th April 2023
Exam Preparation
LO: To review and practice possible question types.
Present, express, portray, imply, connote, suggest, indicate, highlight, display, convey
(Last year was camerawork)
Editing Q1
How has editing been used to create meaning?
Transitions, choice of shots/sequence of shots, crosscutting/parallel editing (alternating between scenes for a period of time)
Slow motion during car chase in order to create tension/dramatic effect in sync with sound slowing down in point of view which highlights the fear and anxiety that he is experiencing.
Cross cutting between police in cafe and the robbery and scenes are eventually connected through the walkie-talkies. Highlights that those events are taking place simultaneously. Shows that the police have a lot of responsibility even when they are on a break; they have to sacrifice some of their personal life in order to serve the community.
Post-production effects such as CCTV of robbery taking place to add a sense of realism and places audience in situation of police when they are looking through evidence.
Fast pace of cuts as scene progresses and becomes more intense/suspenseful.
Theoretical Framework: Media language (mise-en-scene, language, colour etc), audience, representation, industry.
CCTV footage as there tends to be in shops.
Portrayal of Jake's fear and his mistake that allowed the criminal to get away shows that police are real people - (relatable to audience)
However, there is no graphic violence which is debatably not accurate to real life because of watershed- links to industry.
Personal identity, inform, entertain, social interaction.
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